Philosophy of Literacy Instruction - 1536 Words

Literacy Defined Literacy embraces reading, writing, listening, and speaking. Integrating all of these into a literacy program is key. Teachers must provide endless and ongoing opportunities for their student to read, write, listen, and speak. There are many components that make up literacy. In order to effectively teach students these components the teacher must model the concept for the students. As teachers, we cant expect or assume that the student already knows what we expect of them. Modeling gives students a basis of what to go by. Modeling is the first and most important step in order for the students to gain mastery of a concept. A teacher must also undergo guided practice with the students. A teacher should always†¦show more content†¦For every area of development that I need to address with a student I will make sure that I have at least two positives to go along with it. This will not bring a child down. Another important part of my literacy program will be communication with home. I will send home newsletters and have school meetings where the parents are invited to attend. I will always keep the parents/guardians informed on everything we are doing in class. I will send home praise notes rather than just negative notes on students. In my classroom I will have a specific outline as to what a literacy lesson will look like. Each lesson will focus on reading, writing, speaking, and listening. I will have a set behavior management plan that will be followed at all times. I will always introduce a lesson by activating prior knowledge, motivating the student, and by stating the objectives. I will always model for the students what it is that they are expected to do. The students will always undergo guided practice before they set off on their own to do something. Then when I am sure that the students understand I will have them independently practice. Once the concept is mastered I will assess each student to be sure that they can apply what they have learned. When my students pick up a book they will automatically know what to do. I will teach the students to always predict before they read. I will have the students look at the title and the picture on theShow MoreRelated Philosophy Of Literacy Instruction Essay example1544 Words   |  7 PagesLiteracy Defined Literacy embraces reading, writing, listening, and speaking. Integrating all of these into a literacy program is key. Teachers must provide endless and ongoing opportunities for their student to read, write, listen, and speak. There are many components that make up literacy. In order to effectively teach students these components the teacher must model the concept for the students. As teachers, we cant expect or assume that the student already knows what we expect of themRead MoreLiteracy Is The Cornerstone For All Learning926 Words   |  4 PagesLiteracy is the cornerstone to all learning; it is imperative to future academic success. (Tracey and Morrow, 2012). Due to the significance of literacy instruction, there are a myriad of ways to teach literacy. Literacy is a complex subject, honing in on balancing reading, writing, speaking, and listening. As a result of the complexity of literacy instruction, we arrive at the age-old debate of what is the best literacy instruction. My philosophy of literacy instruction centralizes around theRead MoreTeaching Literacy Strategies For Developing Literacy974 Words   |  4 PagesLiteracy instruction should provide students with a variety of opportunities to read, write, listen, and speak. Getting to know my students is extremely important to me because I believe students’ interests need to be considered when developing literacy lessons. It also helps when choosing books to read aloud to the class and when choosing books for the class library. I believe in scaffolding my lessons and using the different strategies that we learned about in class. I will use many of the strategiesRead MoreI Am A Great Philosophy Of Education1104 Words   |  5 PagesTeachers need a great philosophy of education, which includes a great philosophy of literacy. The philosophy of literacy contains two parts, which are the philosophy of reading and the philosophy of writing. Every teacher has their own belief in what constitutes a great literacy program. â€Å"Balanced reading is deep-rooted in the belief that teachers should constantly be aware of student individual needs and progress† (Bennett, n.d.). I will be discussing my philosophy of reading and my beliefs on whatRead MoreThe Language And Balanced Literacy1454 Words   |  6 Pages Academic Basics of Basals, Whole Language and Balanced Literacy When addressing the subject of reading and the most effective method to teach reading is? Additionally, when we teach our children how to read, do they truly understand what they are reading and can they communicate to us what they have read? As educator we have to be instrumental in creating students to become independent effective readers who comprehend well. In order to do this, students have to be provided with basic readingRead MoreThe National Reading Panel ( A Short Note On ) And The International Reading Association ( Ira )1034 Words   |  5 PagesNational Reading Panel (NRP) and the International Reading Association (IRA) are two different associations that provide research findings on the best practices for teaching and learning literacy. Reading and understanding the findings of both associations is important for educators and parents to boost the literacy rates of our children. Below I will summarize the reading standards that our outlined by both and provide my thoughts and insights. The NRP concludes that children need to be taught certainRead MoreTeaching Middle School English Language Arts1359 Words   |  6 Pages Tracy Dorsey, a Literacy Integration Specialist, provided me with an abundance of information involving her job title. She has a Bachelor’s degree in English Education, as well as, a Master’s in Supervision. Along with being well-educated, she is also highly-experienced after teaching middle school English language arts for 13 years in a Title 1 school. She believes that her past experiences in education have helped her in her position as a reading specialist, because it helped her relateRead MoreMy Personal Statement For Teaching Reading772 Words   |  4 Pageskeep up with classes and new techniques, but feel that I am much more capable of teaching reading than before I started these courses. The course 653 Literacy Acquisition helped me to improve and further develop my educational philosophies and beliefs. So, I chose to speak about the first lesson that was expected of me in this class, Module 1 Literacy Theories, Beliefs and Practices. As I reviewed this assignment I see how novice, I was on the subject of reading and how artificial the comments wereRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Teaching Young Children857 Words   |  4 PagesPhilosophy of Teaching Teaching young children can be one of the most challenging feats that there is. Every student learns differently and to be able to differentiate for students can be problematic because it can become very time consuming. I am finding out that it is important to understand the needs of students so that each child gets a valuable education. It is important for differentiated instruction, which allows for each child to render the tools they need in order to succeed. Using toolsRead MorePlanning For Instruction From The Course Text1252 Words   |  6 PagesDiscussion Paper: Planning for Instruction This paper will discuss Chapter 4: Planning for Instruction from the course text, Teaching Physical Education Today Canadian Perspectives. This chapter discusses important considerations for planning, the process of planning, and provides the criteria to help create an effective lesson plan. Planning is known as the â€Å"instructional process† and involves â€Å"thinking about, researching, organizing, and developing contents for instruction† (Randall Robinson, 2014

Essay about Symbolism Used in The Scarlet Letter - 1070 Words

In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, symbolsim is constantly present in the actual scarlet letter â€Å"A† as it is viewed as a symbol of sin and the gradally changes its meanign, guilt is also a mejore symbol, and Pearl’s role in this novel is symbolic as well. The Scarlet Letter includes many profound and crucial symbols. these devices of symbolism are best portayed in the novel, most noticably through the letter â€Å"A† best exemplifies the changes in the symbolic meaning throughout the novel. In the beginning of The Scarlet Letter, the letter is understood as a label of punishment and sin being publicized. Hester Prynne bears the label of â€Å"A† signifining adulterer upon her chest. Because of this scorching red color label she becomes†¦show more content†¦As the novel progresses the meaning of the symbolism of the letter â€Å"A† starts ti blossom into a new meaning. Toward the climax of the novel Hester Prynneâ€℠¢s appearance is altered to where she is no longer viewed as a sinner. The meaning on the symbol changes from of the devil to a some what vague symbol, as if it has lost its initial connotation. Society now views her a symbol that differs whom she really is, she is viewed as a strong woman through all the torment that is put in a unfortunate situation. At this point Hester has already learned how to dealt with the burden of the scarlet letter. Withstanding the pressures of society boiling down waiting patiently for Hester Prynne to crack, she does not, she grows into a stronger woman. A woman that has gone through hell and back and continues to thrive in her society even under the circumstances she lives in. The scarlet letter â€Å"A† meaning has changed, â€Å" hatred, by a gradual and quiet process, will even be transformed to love, unless the change be impeded by a continually new irritation of the original feeling of hostility† (Hawthorne 147). Slowly Hesterâ€⠄¢s hard feelings toward the letter, and to the situation itself, begins to diminish. However, it isShow MoreRelatedSymbolism In The Scarlet Letter1247 Words   |  5 PagesSymbolism in The Scarlet Letter Symbolism is simply defined as the use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities. Symbolism is a common occurrence in literary works and many books use symbolism to express mystical ideas, emotions, and states of mind. As in most literary works, symbolism also appears in The Scarlet Letter. There is lots of symbolism used in The Scarlet Letter to convey multiple things and to express many ideas. Symbolism can be found everywhere in The Scarlet Letter and many ofRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne919 Words   |  4 Pageslife has just one meaning. Symbolism occurs in everyday ordinary life. One of the most recognizable stories that contain symbolism in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†. Symbolism is when an object is used in place of a different object. Nathaniel Hawthorne is one of the most symbolic writers in all of American history. In â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†, the letter â€Å"A† is used to symbolize a variety of d ifferent concepts. The three major symbolistic ideas that the letter â€Å"A† represents in NathanielRead MoreThe Role of Color in The Scarlet Letter Essay973 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout history, colors have been used to symbolize different meanings based on associations with culture, history, politics, and religion. In The Scarlet Letter, the author, Nathaniel Hawthorne uses symbolism through colors such as red, black and white in the form of sunlight, to represent emotions and ideologies of Hester and the people around her. Nathaniel Hawthorne uses the color red significantly throughout The Scarlet Letter to show its importance of symbolism in the emotions of sin and passionRead More Symbols and Symbolism in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter1178 Words   |  5 PagesSymbolism   in The Scarlet Letter Nathaniel Hawthorne isnt noted for perfecting any famous literary style, for writing multiple best sellers, or even for contributing largely to classic American literature.   His only real claim to fame is The Scarlet Letter: a novel that was originally only meant to be yet another Hawthorne short story.   Because of this, it actually possesses many short story characteristics.   It is simpler and more complete than his other novels. (James 285)   It also hasRead MoreSymbolism In The Scarlet Letter. Symbolism Is The Use Of1085 Words   |  5 PagesSymbolism in The Scarlet Letter Symbolism is the use of an object, character, or event to represent something else. Nathaniel Hawthorne, without a doubt, uses symbolism throughout the course of the novel, The Scarlet Letter. The novel takes place in a Puritan community in present-day Boston. Hester Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale, Roger Chillingworth, and Pearl are the main characters. They all have major roles and without them, the novel would not be the same. Hester Prynne; married to Roger ChillingworthRead MoreABy Major Characters In The Scarlet Letter1202 Words   |  5 PagesInterpretation of the ‘A’ by Major Characters in The Scarlet Letter People have different cultures and experiences throughout their lives; therefore, they all have different perspectives of the same object. Various authors use different perspectives of people to make objects mean different based on how people approach it. Not only the readers see the object in different ways, but also the characters in the story. The Scarlet Letter uses various symbolism such as ‘A , rosebush, the forest and more whichRead MoreSymbolism Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter 1122 Words   |  5 Pagesdraft Topic: Symbolism of the Scarlet letter â€Å"A† In The Scarlet letter the author Nathaniel Hawthorne illustrates the use of symbolism in the book, especially the scarlet letter â€Å"A.† Symbolism is defined as a figure of speech used for an object, or a word to represent something else in literature. The Scarlet letter â€Å"A† had a change of meaning throughout the novel. In the inception of the book it is known as a symbol of Adultery. As the book continues the scarlet letter is looked at differentlyRead MoreDifferent Interpretations Of The Scarlet Letter1609 Words   |  7 PagesDifferent Interpretations of The Scarlet Letter Symbolism is everywhere around us in our daily lives, even if you don’t notice it right away. Traffic signs, company names, and even colors can all be examples of symbolism. Dr. Stephanie Carrez’ article, Symbol and Interpretation, focuses on and interprets the different types of symbolism in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novel, The Scarlet Letter. Focusing mainly on the characters Hester and Pearl, Carrez’ article brings symbolism to a new light as she interpretsRead MoreSymbolism, Use Of Color, And Themes Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter1657 Words   |  7 PagesSymbolism, Use of Color, and Themes in The Scarlet Letter The Scarlet Letter is regarded as the first symbolic novel in American Literature for Nathaniel Hawthorne s skillful use of symbolism and allegory. The novel is also said to be the greatest accomplishment of American short story and is viewed as the first American psychological novel, which makes Hawthorne win an incomparable position in American Literature. Hawthorne’s â€Å"unique gift† for using this kind of skills taps into the roots of manRead MoreSymbolism Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter 1159 Words   |  5 PagesSymbolism in the Scarlet Letter The Scarlet Letter written by Nathaniel Hawthorne is known to have a lot of symbolism. Symbolism is a way to convey ideas and give a book a deeper meaning to readers. While there are many symbols in the Scarlet Letter, there are a few that stand out more than others. Pearl, Hester, Dimmesdale, and Chillingworth are all main characters that have symbols. Hawthorne symbols are used to help readers relate to the story. In order to really comprehend the book the reader

Harvard Concept (Fisher and Urgy) Free Essays

â€Å"Getting to Yes† (also called the Harvard concept) describes a method called principled negotiation to reach an agreement whose success is judged by three criteria: 1. It should produce a wise agreement if agreement is possible. 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Harvard Concept (Fisher and Urgy) or any similar topic only for you Order Now It should be efficient. 3. It should improve or at least not damage the relationship between the parties. The authors argue that their method can be used in virtually any negotiation. Issues are decided upon by their merits and the goal is a win-win situation for both sides. Below is a summary of some of the key concepts from the book. The four steps of a principled negotiation are: 1. Separate the people from the problem 2. Focus on interests, not positions 3. Invent options for mutual gain 4. Insist on using objective criteria In principled negotiations, negotiators are encouraged to take the view that all the participants are problem solvers rather than adversaries. The authors recommend that the goal should be to reach an outcome â€Å"efficiently and amicably. † The steps can be described in more detail as follows. Step 1: Separate the people from the problem All negotiations involve people and people are not perfect. We have emotions, our own interests and goals and we tend to see the world from our point of view. We also are not always the best communicators; many of us are not good listeners. Getting to YES outlines a number of tools for dealing with the problems of perception, emotion and communication. However, the authors stress that separating people from problems is the best option. The keys to prevention are: â€Å"building a working relationship† and â€Å"facing the problem, not the people. † Think of the people you negotiate with on a regular basis. Generally, the better we know someone, the easier it is to face a negotiation together. We tend to view people we don’t know with more suspicion: just what is â€Å"Bob† up to? Take time to get to know the other party before the negotiation begins. Think of the negotiation as a means to solving a problem and the people on the other side as partners helping to find a solution. Ideally both parties will come out of a negotiation feeling they have a fair agreement from which both sides can benefit. If the negotiation feels like a situation of â€Å"you versus them†, the authors suggest a couple of options: 1. Raise the issue with [the other side] explicitly†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Let’s look together at the problem of how to satisfy our collective interests’. 2. Sit on the same side of the table†¦. Try to structure the negotiation as a side-by-side activity in which the two of you – with your different interests and perceptions, and your emotional involvement – jointly face a common task. Step 2: Focus on Interests, Not Positions The authors use a simple example to explain the difference between interests and positions: â€Å"Two men [are] quarrelling in a library. One wants the window open and the other wants it closed. †¦. Enter the librarian. She asks one why he wants the window open: ‘To get some fresh air [his interest]’. She asks the other why he wants it closed: ‘To avoid a draft’ [his interest]. After thinking a moment, she opens wide a window in the next room, bringing in fresh air without a draft. † The interests of the two men are the desire for fresh air and the desire to avoid a draft. The men’s positions are to have the window opened or closed. The authors say we need to focus, not on whether the window in their room is opened or closed, but on how we can meet both the need for fresh air and the need to avoid a draft. More often than not, by focusing on interests, a creative solution can be found. In this little example, each man has one interest but in most negotiations, each party will have many interests and these interests will likely be different than yours. It’s important to communicate your interests to the other party. Don’t assume they have the same interests as you or that they know what your interests are. Don’t assume you know what interests the other party has. Discussion to identify and understand all the interests is a critical step in the process. Step 3: Invent Options for Mutual Gain The authors feel that a common problem with many negotiations is there are too few options to choose from. Little or no time is spent creating options. This, they feel, is a mistake. There are four steps to generating options: 1. Separate inventing from deciding. Like in any brainstorming session, don’t judge the ideas people bring forward, just get them on the board. 2. Broaden the options on the table rather than look for a single answer. Remember the men at the library? The only option they saw was opening or closing the window in the room they were both sitting in. In fact, there are many options: borrow a sweater, open a window in another room, move to a different spot, etc. 3. Search for mutual gain. In a negotiation, both sides can be worse off and both sides can gain. Principled negotiations are not about â€Å"I win† and â€Å"you lose†. 4. Invent ways of making the other party’s decisions easy. Since a successful negotiation requires both parties to agree, make it easy for the other side to choose. This is where putting yourself in the other person’s shoes can be very valuable. What might prevent â€Å"Bob† from agreeing? Can you do anything to change those things? Step 4: Insist on Using Objective Criteria Principled negotiations are not battles of will. There is no winner and you don’t need to push your position until the other backs down. The goal is to â€Å"produce wise agreements amicably and efficiently†. Use of objective criteria helps remove the emotion from the discussion and allows both parties to use reason and logic. You may have to develop objective criteria and there are a number of ways that can be done, from â€Å"traditional practices†, to â€Å"market value† to â€Å"what a court would decide†. Objective criteria â€Å"need to be independent of each side’s will. † Once objective criteria have been developed, they need to be discussed with the other side. The authors provide some guidelines: 1. Frame each issue as a joint search for objective criteria. 2. â€Å"[Use] reason and be open to reason† as to which standards are most appropriate and how they should be applied. 3. â€Å"Never yield to pressure†, only to principle. Common Challenges Following these steps should lead you to a successful outcome, but it isn’t always that easy. The authors then go on to address three types of common challenges negotiators face. Sometimes the other party is more powerful than you: â€Å"The most any method of negotiation can do is to meet two objectives: first, to protect you against making an agreement you should reject and second, to help you make the most of the assets you do have so that any agreement you reach will satisfy your interests as well as possible. † To protect yourself, develop and know your BATNA: Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement. The reason you negotiate is to produce something better than the results you can obtain without negotiating. † The result you can obtain without negotiating is your BATNA. â€Å"The better your BATNA, the greater your power† so it’s essential to know your BATNA and take time to make sure it’s as strong as it could be. The same will hold true for the other party. There are three steps to developing your BATNA: 1. Invent a list of actions y ou might take if no agreement is reached† 2. Improve some of the more promising ideas and convert them into practical alternatives. 3. Select, tentatively, the one alternative that seems best Sometimes the other party just won’t play: In a principled negotiation, you don’t want to play games with the other party and you don’t want them playing games with you. The authors advocate three approaches to getting things back on track in this situation: 1. Concentrate on the merits: talk about interests, options and criteria 2. Focus on what the other party may do: try and identify the other party’s interests and the principles underlying their position. 3. Focus on what a third party can do: bring in a third party to assist if steps 1 and 2 aren’t successful Sometimes the other party uses dirty tricks: You may encounter a party who won’t shy away from using dirty tricks. The process for dealing with this type of tactic is to follow the process for principled negotiations: 1. Separate the people from the problem 2. Focus on interests not positions 3. Invent options for mutual gain 4. Insist on using objective criteria 5. If all else fails, â€Å"turn to your BATNA and walk out† The authors close with three points: 1. â€Å"You knew it all the time. † Much of what goes into a principled negotiation is common sense. The authors have developed an understandable framework to share the approach with others. 2. â€Å"Learn from doing. † You won’t become a better negotiator unless you get out there and practice. 3. Winning: â€Å"The first thing you are trying to win is a better way to negotiate – a way that avoids your having to choose between the satisfactions of getting what you deserve and of being decent. You can have both. â€Å" How to cite Harvard Concept (Fisher and Urgy), Papers

Gough Whitlam free essay sample

Abolished tertiary education fees and established the Tertiary Education Assistance Scheme to attract more students to study in uni and further education. †¢ Increased pensions. Established a universal system of health insurance known as Medibank which at that time provided many benefits to the family and which gradually involved to a free medical service to all applicable. †¢ Established controls on foreign ownership of Australian resources to ensure our economical gains go towards us. †¢ Passed the Family Law Act, establishing no-fault divorce which allowed to divorce without reasons. †¢ Passed a series of laws banning racial and sexual discrimination to make multicultarism more equal and fair. Whitlam believed in equality and he achieved that with applying this to all public of Australia. †¢ Extended maternity leave and benefits for single mothers to aid the costs while still retaining the original job. †¢ Sought to democratise the electoral system by introducing one-vote-one- value which aimed to get the government in equal say. We will write a custom essay sample on Gough Whitlam or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This still applies today and greatly affects the way we vote and set out laws and bills. Post-war development Increasingly, a citizens real standard of living, the health of himself and his family, his childrens pportunity for education and self-improvement, his access to employment opportunities, his ability to enjoy the nations resources for recreation and cultural activity, his legacy from the national heritage, his scope to participate in the decisions and actions of the community, are determined not so much by his income but by the availability and accessibility of the services which the community alone can provide and ensure (Whitlam, 1985, p. 3). This was Whitlam’s concept and guidelines for his government, and this is what made a difference for the working class people in Australia. People When he ended conscription, students and parents were relieved that that no one would have to fight a war for nothing. Women finally saw equal rights in the workplace. It was no longer fair and more women thought of working and pursuing their ambitions. Education Education was one of the main concerns held by the Whitlam government was Education, and because of the policies in schools and universities, today working class children have access to university education they can afford. Aboriginals Aboriginals had always been left out, no voting rights, no land rights and discrimination throughout Australia. Whitlam introduced policies that would grant aboriginals the right to have their land and the treatment they deserved. In the policy speech in 1972 Whitlam said that â€Å"All of us as Australians are diminished while the Aborigines are denied their rightful place in this nation†. Economy The Whitlam government started to establish new connections and trades with other nations around the world. He made links to China, which now, holds an important part of our economy. It gives us the boom in our resource industry and furthermore the Source A This was the successful poster and campaign launched by the Labor government to show the time of change and understanding. This poster particularly shows the labor party’s strength in doing the things they do and change.